VDE e.V. (Ed.)

ICLP Germany 2024

37th International Conference on Lightning Protection, 1. – 7. September in Dresden, Germany

2024, XX, 1188 pages, 140 x 124 mm, Slimlinebox, CD-Rom
ISBN 978-3-8007-6416-7, e-book: ISBN 978-3-8007-6417-4
Personal VDE Members are entitled to a 10% discount on this title

Content Foreword

The 37th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) is the world’s leading event for advancement of science and technology in lightning research and lightning protection.

ICLP 2024 offers a diverse program of plenary sessions, technical sessions and poster sessions, covering a wide range of topics related to lightning research and lightning protection. Some of the key topics include lightning protection of structures, lightning measurement and artificial intelligence (AI), lightning protection of power systems, and lightning protection of E-vehicles and charging infrastructure.
Organised by:

VDE
Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies
VDE is one of the largest technical and scientific associations
in Europe with more than 32.000 members.

VDE ABB
The VDE Special Committee Lightning Protection and
Research (VDE ABB) unites the German-speaking experts
from science and practice, experts, users and manufacturers
in lightning and surge protection.
1

Lightning Protection of Composite Aircraft Structures

Authors:
Karch, Christian; Arteiro, Albertino

2

3

Lightning location system strokes as ball lightning triggers – A follow-up study.

Authors:
Keul, Alexander G.; Pichler, Hannes; Diendorfer, Gerhard

4

Design and Development of a Rocket-Triggered Lightning Facility in Malaysia

Authors:
Salman, Ahmad Rifhan; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan; Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad; Baharuddin, Mohd Zafri; Takayanagi, Yuji; Fauzi, Muhammad Uwais Farihin; Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd; Hanaffi, Farhan; Morimoto, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Kazuo; Nordin, Farah Hani; Ariffin, Azrul Mohd; Phesal, Maryam Huda Ahmad; Mohamad, Azwadi; Abdullah, Noradlina

5

Blue Corona Discharges Detected by ASIM

Authors:
Li, Dongshuai; Neubert, Torsten; Husbjerg, Lasse Skaaning; Chanrion, Olivier; Luque, Alejandro; Gordillo- Vazquez, F. J.; Perez-Invernon, F. J.; Dimitriadou, Krystallia; Ostgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor

6

Acoustic Pressure Signals Observed at 90 m and 130 m from the Return Strokes of Rocket-triggered Lightning

Authors:
Cao, Jinxin; Wang, Jianguo; Cai, Li; Zhou, Mi; Fan, Yadong; Li, Muzi

7

Evaluating the Lightning Protection System Design of the Zalongo Monument in Greece based on Stochastic Modeling of Lightning Attachment

Authors:
Ioannidis, Alexios; Mikropoulos, Pantelis; Tsovilis, Thomas; Kokkinos, Nikolaos

8

Method for Estimating Overvoltage at Distribution Boards in Building using TT System Struck Directly by Lightning

Authors:
Shinji, Yasui; Hisho, Nakamura; Qianling, Liu; Masaya, Nakagawa; Tatsuya, Yamamoto

9

Considerations about the Voltage Magnification at the End of Low-Voltage Cables

Authors:
Rock, Michael; Jugelt, Stefan; Hannig, Martin; Brocke, Ralph

10

11

12

Revisiting The Importance of Air Terminal Shapes for Lighting Protection Systems

Authors:
Leal, Adonis; Avitia, Chloe; Hall, Lauren; Cantrell, Olivia; Wemhoner, Jacob; Sonnenfeld, Richard

13

High-Frequency Modeling of a Surge Isolation Transformer Based on Time-Domain Parameter Extraction

Authors:
Moreira, Davi Gabino C.; De Conti, Alberto; Yamamoto, Kazuo

14

15

16

Multi-Сhamber Аrrester with Impulse Arc Quenching for Protection 13.8 kV Overhead Lines

Authors:
Podporkin, Georgy; Kretov, Urij; Sotnikov, Alexander; Rumyantsev, Sergey

17

18

19

20

21

22

Estimation of Lightning Phenomenon Causative of Surge on Overhead Power Transmission Line through Surge Measurement

Authors:
Michishita, Koji; Yokoyama, Shigeru; Asano, Masahiro; Shimizu, Masahito; Kokui, Kazuki; Ariya, Hideaki

23

24

25

Characterizing the Preceding Discharges of the Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning First Strokes in Winter Thunderstorms in Japan

Authors:
Yang, Qingliu; Wang, Daohong; Wu, Ting; Yang, Junchen; Takagi, Nobuyuki; Morimoto, Takeshi

26

On the Probability of Thunderstorms Self-triggering Upward Lightning from Tall Towers

Authors:
Nova, Diego Rodriguez; Becerra, Marley; Campos, Francisco Roman

27

Closed current flow during a lightning discharge

Authors:
Herrnboeck, Ludwig; Hannig, Martin; Brocke, Ralph

28

Error Correction Model of Lightning Impulse Voltage Using Deconvolution Techniques

Authors:
Yutthagowith, Peerawut; Pongpitak, Virat; Baba, Yoshihiro

29

Branching Behavior of Continuous Leaders in Positive Laboratory Long Air Discharges

Authors:
Guo, Lili; Wang, He; He, Junjia; Zhang, Zhi

30

31

32

Parasitic Inductance of Surge Protective Devices for a Wide Frequency Range

Authors:
Hadjicostas, Alexandros; Chrysochos, Andreas; Tsovilis, Thomas

33

34

Effect of surge protective devices at adjacent poles on faults at lightning striking pole on actual distribution line

Authors:
Sakakibara, Chiharu; Michishita, Koji; Yokoyama, Shigeru; Takano, Koji; Nakata, Hidehiro

35

36

Lightning Surge Insulation Characteristics of Polymer Insulators for 6.6kV Power Distribution Lines

Authors:
Yoneda, Yasuaki; Koga, Yoshiyasu; Sato, Tomoyuki; Kuno, Takafumi

37

38

On the continuing current duration of negative downward lightning measured in different regions

Authors:
Kereszy, Istvan; Kereszy, Tamas; Kern, John; Pedro, Giovanna; Comeau, Caroline; Victorino, Paulo; Fuzy, Dorottya; Pomazi, Krisztian; Bartos, Imre; Guimaraes, Miguel; Simoes, Listz; Teixeira, Karine; Barbosa, Gustavo; Guimaraes, Lucas; Drumond, Matheus; Arcanjo, Marcelo; Bryant, Colleen; Yebra, Marta; Zhao, Li; Cary, Geoff; Boer, Matthias; Nolan, Rachael; Lawrey, Ryan; Milner, Ailish; Leavesley, Adam; Jenkins, Meaghan

39

40

High-Speed Video Camera and Geostationary Lightning Mapper Measured Signatures of Cloud-to-Ground Strokes with and without Significant Continuing Current

Authors:
Mark, Megan D.; Nag, Amitabh; Cummins, Kenneth L.; Plaisir, Mathieu N.; Goldberg, Dylan J.; Imam, Abdullah Y.; Rassoul, Hamid K.

41

Recurrent Lightning Spots with Different Lightning Return Period

Authors:
Sola, Gloria; Lopez, Jesus Alberto; Montanya, Joan; Pineda, Nicolau

42

Research on Extracting Lightning Ground Flash Trajectories Based on Clustering Algorithm

Authors:
Lv, Qianyong; Mao, Xianyin; Qu, Lu; Niu, Wei; Liao, Minchuan; Chen, Huaifei; Chen, Yuzhe

43

Impact of Inaccuracies in Defining the Transient Step Voltage Due to Impulse Currents on Grounding Grids

Authors:
Vieira, Pedro H. N.; Moura, Rodolfo A. R.; Schroeder, Marco Aurelio O.; Lima, Antonio C. S.; Assis, Fernando A.

44

45

On Transient Impedance Measurements for Various Grounding Systems

Authors:
Sellier, Alexandre; Grange, Francois; Journet, Sebastien; Dawalibi, Farid Paul

46

A Comparison between Full-wave and Quasi-static PEEC for Trans-mission Towers under Very Fast Electromagnetic Transient Excitation

Authors:
Xiao, Xiaobing; Li, Yue; Cai, Yongxiang; Jia, Lei; Chen, Xipeng; Qi, Ruihan; Ding, Yuxuan; Du, Yaping

47

Climate Changes and Detailed Characterization of Lightning Activity: Impact on Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines

Authors:
Alipio, Rafael; Marques, Ana Clara; Regoto, Pedro; Ritter, Luciano; Ferreira, Thiago; Diniz, Fernando

48

Residual Neural Network applied to lightning classification in a modern lightning location network

Authors:
Ferreira, Gabriel A.V.S; Leal, Adonis F.R.; DiGangi, Elizabeth A.; Lapierre, Jeff; Zhu, Yanan

49

Classifying Single versus Multiple Ground Strike Point Lightning Flashes from High-Speed Lightning Videos using Deep Learning

Authors:
Essa, Yaseen; Hunt, Hugh G. P.; Schumann, Carina; Celik, Turgay; Nixon, Kenneth J.; Saba, Marcelo M. F.; Warner, Tom A.

50

Prototype measurement system information correlation with LLS data

Authors:
Vukovic, Franjo; Filipovic-Grcic, Bozidar; Stipetic, Nina; Franc, Bojan; Braendlein, Dirk

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

Experimental and simulation studies on lightning surge responses of a scaled-DC converter station

Authors:
Jia, Lei; Qi, Ruihan; Xiao, Xiaobing; Li, Yue; Fu, Yu; Yeung, Chakhung; Zhao, Xiangen

59

A low frequency 3D lightning mapping network in north China

Authors:
Ma, Zilong; Chen, Mingli; Jiang, Rubin; Qie, Xiushu

60

61

62

63

Characteristics of spatiotemporal sizes of specific types of lightning flashes

Authors:
Zhang, Yijun; Pan, Yun; Zheng, Dong; Lu, Gaopeng

64

65

Lightning Observation at Lightning Observatory in High Altitude Region of Tibet (LOHA)

Authors:
Guo, Zixin; Shi, Weidong; Lei, Ting; Chen, Xiujuan; Lu, Tiantian; Zhao, Xia; Zhang, Yang; Lyu, Weitao; Li, Chang

66

67

Optical and Electric Field Signatures of Space-Leader Evolution in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Stepped Leaders

Authors:
Goldberg, Dylan J.; Nag, Amitabh; Plaisir, Mathieu N.; Cummins, Kenneth L.; Tempert, Alex; Brower, A. Tyler; Biagi, Christopher J.; Rassoul, Hamid K.

68

Transient Analysis of Transmission Towers: Influence of Grounding System Topologies

Authors:
Azevedo, Walter Luiz Manzi de; D’Annibale, Jose Luciano Aslan; Silva, Wagner Costa da; Araujo, Anderson Ricardo Justo de; Pissolato Filho, Jose; Kordi, Behzad

69

70

71

Computation Approach of Impulse Impedance of Wind Turbine Grounding System for Lightning First Return Stroke

Authors:
Azevedo, Walter Luiz Manzi de; Araujo, Anderson Ricardo Justo de; Pissolato Filho, Jose; Haddad, Abderrahmane

72

Performance Evaluation for Hainan Island Lightning Location System Based on Lightning Channel Imager

Authors:
Zhou, Fangcong; Ma, Ying; Gao, Yi; Lyu, Weitao; Yin, Qiyuan

73

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR INVERTERS UNDER LIGHTNING-INDUCED SURGES

Authors:
Cavalcanti, Gustavo O.; Feitosa, Marcilio A. F.; Malagon, Luis A. G.; Sobral, Lucas C.; Silva, Fernanda S.; Barbalho, Lucas V.; Lara, Douglas T. M.; Pinto, Samuel F.; Gomes, Thiago F.; Teixeira, Renato J.; Barbosa, Wagner A.

74

Impact of Using Underbuilt Wire on Overhead Transmission Lines Considering Physically Consistent Line Parameters

Authors:
Guevara, Jesus E.; Colqui, Jaimis S. L.; Pissolato Filho, Jose

75

76

Overshoot at Lines with High Resistive or Capacitive Termination and Fast Rising Clamped or Crowbarred Input Voltage

Authors:
Jugelt, Stefan; Rock, Michael; Drebenstedt, Christian; Conrads, Eric

77

Observation and Simulation of Lightning Strikes in an Offshore Wind Turbine Cluster

Authors:
Zhang, Yang; Zou, Mengjin; Tan, Yongbo; Chen, Lyuwen

78

79

Observation of Continuing Currents Produced by Negative Cloud-to-Ground Flashes of Tropical Thunderstorm

Authors:
Muhammad, Uwais Farihin Fauzi; Fauzi, Muhammad Uwais Farihin; Yusop, Norbayah; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan; Baharudin, Zikri Abadi; Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohamad; Takayanagi, Yuji; Salman, Ahmad Rifhan; Morimoto, Takeshi; Ahmad, Badrul Hisham; Baharuddin, Mohd Zafri

80

81

Lightning occurrence on wind turbines

Authors:
Silva, Tagianne P. da; Saba, Marcelo M. F.; Warner, Tom A.; Alipio, Rafael; Schumann, Carina; Silva, Jose Claudio O.

82

Effective design of a two-stage surge protective device for AC low voltage system protection

Authors:
Kunakorn, Anantawat; Paophan, Busayapol; Yutthagowith, Peerawut

83

Analyzing positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes with two leader propagation types – with and without recoil leaders

Authors:
da Silva, Diego Rhamon R.; Warner, Tom A.; Saba, Marcelo M. F.; Abbasi, Rasha U.; da Silva, Tagianne P.; Schumann, Carina; Lauria, Paola B.; Suss, Giovane B.; e Silva, Jose Claudio O.

84

85

Side Discharges Involved in an Intracloud-Initiated Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Authors:
Zhu, Jiangwan; Yuan, Shanfeng; Qie, Xiushu; Jiang, Rubin; Liu, Mingyuan

86

87

Differences in distribution characteristics between negative and positive CG lightning flashes in Guangzhou tall-objects region

Authors:
Lyu, Weitao; Qi, Qi; Chen, Lyuwen; Ma, Ying; Jiang, Ruijiao; Zhang, Yue; Liu, Hengyi

88

Development of A Transient Recorder for Lightning Impulse Voltage Measurement.

Authors:
Chaisiri, Punyavee; Pramualsingha, Sarawuth; Yutthagowith, Peerawut

89

90

Lightning Statistics in Hungary between 2002 and 2022

Authors:
Toth, Zoltan; Simon, Csilla

91

Characteristics of stroke polarity in the central region of Colombia

Authors:
Suarez-Balaguera, Aicardo; Diaz-Ortiz, Fernando; Roman, Francisco

92

Lightning Threats to Electric Vehicles Charging Station

Authors:
Khudhair, Ahmed M.; Chun Lim, Siow

93

94

Development of a remotely controlled measurement system for ultraviolet and infrared lightning emissions

Authors:
Guimaraes, Miguel; Araujo, Listz; Carvalho, Tulio; Gomes, Deilton; Barbosa, Gustavo; Guimaraes, Lucas; Drumond, Matheus; Martins, Matheus

95

96

The 4G Network Traffic Performance under Natural Lightning Electromagnetic Interference

Authors:
Sumardi, Antony; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul; Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad; Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd; Yusop, Norbayah; Ibrahim, Imran Mohd; Abdullah, Mardina

97

Environmental Influences on Measurements with Electric Field Meters for Lightning Observation

Authors:
Maier, Julia; Schatz, Sebastian; Schwalt, Lukas; Pack, Stephan; Kohlmann, Hannes

98

The amplitude decay with distance for return strokes and in-cloud pulses using lightning electromagnetic field pulses measured by JASA

Authors:
Zhu, Baoyou; Liu, Feifan; Wang, Dabao; Wang, Wenwei; Lu, Gaopeng; Zhou, Helin

99

Relationship between Lightning Flashes and Three Flash Flood Events in Malacca Malaysia

Authors:
Roslan, Harry Sucitra; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan; Sumardi, Anthony; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul; Yunus, Mawarni Mohamed; Aris, Nor Azlan Mohd; Hwa, Ho Yih; Baharuddin, Mohd Zafri; Morimoto, Takeshi; Takayanagi, Yuji; Kawasaki, Zen; Khalid, Nor Hadizah Mohd

100

A Weighted Gridding Method for the Long-Range Lightning Location Network Accuracy Evaluation

Authors:
Song, Lin; Li, Jie; Zhang, Qilin; Li, Qingda; Yang, Jun

101

Protection measures for backflow lightning of power systems based on observation results in wind farm on the coast of Sea of Japan

Authors:
Miyama, Yasuhiro; Sato, Tomoyuki; Honjo, Nobuyuki; Usui, Takashi; Yokoyama, Shigeru; Michishita, Koji

102

Optimization of Lightning Protection System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques

Authors:
Tang, Jia-Wen; Cooray, Vernon; Wooi, Chin-Leong; Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin; Tan, Wen-Shan; Afrouzi, Hadi Nabipour

103

On the Use of Lightning Location System Data to Evaluate the Lightning Performance of Overhead Distribution Lines

Authors:
Nicora, Martino; Mestiner, Daniele; Brignone, Massimo; Procopio, Renato; Bernardi, Marina; Fiori, Elisabetta; Piantini, Alexandre

104

105

106

107

Analysis of lightning strike fault characteristics in data-driven dense channels of new power systems

Authors:
Wang, Chaoqun; Xiang, Nianwen; Wang, Shulai; Lyu, Zengwei; Chen, Zhiwei

108

Discharge Test and Vertical Safe Distance of ±800kV UHVDC Line and 500kV Line in Crossing Area

Authors:
Jing, Maoheng; Li, Chun; Xiao, Xiang; Chen, Huan; Li, Qiang; Li, Xiuyi; Deng, Yeqiang; Du, Zhengxian

109

Estimation of Lightning Overvoltages and Critical Backflashover Current of a 150 kV Overhead Line due to Subsequent Strokes

Authors:
Datsios, Zacharias G.; Patsalis, Diamantis G.; Gkougkougiannis, Aggelos A.; Tsironis, Anastasios G.; Mikropoulos, Pantelis N.; Tsovilis, Thomas E.

110

111

112

Experimental Research on Lighting Impulse Characteristics of the 500 kV Transmission Line Parallel Gap at High Altitude Area

Authors:
Gu, Shanqiang; Cao, Wei; Li, Jian; Du, Xuesong; Liu, Zihao; Ren, Hua

113

Sensitivity Analysis on the Reconstruction of the Attenuation Function for Short Time-Windows Measurements

Authors:
Aramini, Riccardo; Brignone, Massimo; Mestriner, Daniele; Procopio, Renato; Randazzo, Andrea; Rubinstein, Marcos

114

Data-driven classification model of lightning generated LF/VLF radiation electric field waveforms

Authors:
Lilang, Xiao; Weijiang, Chen; Yu, Wang; Kai, Bian; Zhong, Fu; Nianwen, Xiang; Hengxin, He; Yang, Cheng

115

Simultaneous multi-parameter observation of long-gap discharge based on a scaled-down wind turbine model

Authors:
Liao, Minchuan; Qu, Lu; Lv, Qianyong; Chen, Huaifei; Mao, Xianyin; Niu, Wei; Wu, Zeliang

116

117

Frequency-domain Expressions of the Time-Windowed Electric Fields Radiated by a Lightning Flash

Authors:
Aramini, Riccardo; Brignone, Massimo; Mestriner, Daniele; Procopio, Renato; Randazzo, Andrea; Rubinstein, Marcos

118

119

Insights on the relevance of subsequent return strokes on lightning-related outages of Transmission Lines

Authors:
Visacro, Silverio; Policarpo, Raquel; Pereira, Barbara; Silveira, Fernando Henrique

120

121

Statistical analysis of lightning strike faults in transmission lines based on distributed monitoring data

Authors:
Zhou, Yuan; Peng, Xiangyang; Fan, Yazhou; Wang, Rui; Li, Juncai; Chen, Jintian; Deng, Yeqiang

122

Lightning Overvoltages due to Direct Strikes to a Hybrid Overhead Line

Authors:
Moraes, Luana Batista; Piantini, Alexandre; Shigihara, Miltom; Borghetti, Alberto; Napolitano, Fabio; Nucci, Carlo Alberto; Tossani, Fabio

123

124

Lightning-Induced Current on Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Authors:
Lokuhettige, Ganga; Manathunga, Chandima; Abegunawardana, Sidath; Sapumanage, Nilantha; Nanayakkara, Sankha; Fernando, Mahendra; Cooray, Vernon

125

Overvoltage transition model for a single-phase fault in a Wind-Photovoltaic-Battery hybrid system caused by a lightning strike

Authors:
Luo, Donghuang; Liu, Yakun; Shen, Siyuan; Li, Yujun; Hao, Wei; Liang, Zheng

126

127

128

Lightning protection and PV roof systems in existing buildings

Authors:
Birkl, Josef; Maiworm, Bjoern; Thormaehlen, Reyno

129

An Approach in Rotor Blade Fast Transient Model Comparison During Lightning

Authors:
Mendez, Yaru; Candela, Hector; Deshagoni, Raghavender Goud; Fontanes, Pol; Hansen, Lars Bo; Sepulveda, Miguel Angel; Sousa, Marcelo Arcanjo; Preis, Florian

130

ICC of Negative Upward Flashes to the Peissenberg Tower, Germany

Authors:
Modlinger, Felicitas; Heidler, Fridolin

131

Tall Structures as Recurrent Lightning Spots in the inner tropics

Authors:
Ardila, Steven; Lopez, Jesus; Sola, Gloria; Montanya, Joan

132

133

134

Trigger Mechanism of Upward Lightning by Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Beijing

Authors:
Yuan, Shanfeng; Qie, Xiushu; Jiang, Rubin; Wang, Dongfang

135

Surge Protection of Residential EV Charging Stations Against Direct Lightning Strikes

Authors:
Gektidis, Konstantinos; Hadjicostas, Alexandros; Peppas, George D.; Politis, Zafiris; Tsovilis, Thomas

136

Cases of lightning damage to railway power equipment

Authors:
Hirano, Taichi; Hayashiya, Hitoshi; Yamazoe, Hideki; Ishimoto, Takao; Hagura, Yuya; Yoshikawa, Masato; Sato, Naomi; Mizumoto, Yuuki

137

138

Role of Winglets in Lightning Attachment to Aircraft

Authors:
Chowdhury, Soumyadeep; Das, Sayantan; Kumar, Udaya

139

Synchronous Measurements of Rocket-Triggered Lightning Induction for Cables Positioned at Various Locations

Authors:
Duan, Denglei; Zhou, Mi; Zuo, Xinrui; Cai, Li; Wang, Jianguo; Cao, Jinxin; Fan, Yadong

140

141

Successful Short-Term Prediction of First Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Strikes in Thunderstorm Events

Authors:
Schatz, Sebastian; Schwalt, Lukas; Maier, Julia; Pack, Stephan; Kohlmann, Hannes; Pichler, Hannes

142

Upward leaders competing to connect a downward leader during the attachment to a lightning rod

Authors:
Saba, Marcelo M. F.; Lauria, Paola B.; Schumann, Carina; Silva, Jose Claudio O.

143

Simultaneous Upward Lightning Events to Tall Towers - Luminosity and Current Measurement Analysis

Authors:
Schumann, Carina; Silva, Tagianne P da; Hunt, Hugh GP; Saba, Marcelo MF; Warner, Tom A

144

Reduced order model for a streamer discharge in air

Authors:
Jayasinghe, Hasupama; Arevalo, Liliana; Morrow, Richard; Cooray, Vernon

145

Localization of Narrow Bipolar Events over Sumatra Island Based on VHF Interferometer and Magnetic Direction Finder Systems

Authors:
Edris, Muhammad Zuhair Bolqiah; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan; Hashim, Nik Mohd Zarifie; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul; Salim, Sani Irwan; Ibrahim, Masrullizam Bin Mat; Baharuddin, Mohd Zafri; Takayanagi, Yuji; Akita, Manabu; Morimoto, Takeshi; Kawasaki, Zen

146

A Preliminary Study of the Audible Frequency Spectrum of Thunder Pertinent to Cloud to Ground discharges

Authors:
Abegunawardana, Sidath; Lokuhettige, Ganga; Fernando, Mahendra; Bodhika, J A P; Cooray, Vernon

147

Damage characteristics of oil pipelines under different lightning current components

Authors:
Liu, Xuan; Bi, Xiaolei; Zhang, Changxiu; Zhang, Yingjie; Tao, Bin; Wang, Shiqiang

148

Understanding the impact of Lightning Strikes on Buried Gas Pipelines: Mechanisms, Risk Assessment and Mitigation

Authors:
Charalambous, C.A.; Dimitriou, Andreas; Kokkinos, Nikolaos; Kioupis, Nikolaos; Manolis, Theagenis

149

150

Damage Probability of Apparatus Powered by an HV/LV Line

Authors:
Piparo, Giovanni Battista Lo; Maccioni, Marco; Kisielewitz, Tomasz; Mazzetti, Carlo

151

152

153

Classification of Direct Lightning Stroke according to its Polarity in Medium Voltage Networks based on Deep Learning Neural Networks

Authors:
Perdomo, Luis; Alfonso, Andres; Anillo, Boris; Santamaria, Francisco; Vera, Nelson

154

Neural Network Based Procedure for Lightning Localization

Authors:
Barmada, Sami; Tucci, Mauro; Brignone, Massimo; Nicora, Martino; Procopio, Renato

155

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Nowcasting from Remote Sensing and Numerical Weather Prediction Modeling Data

Authors:
Fata, Alice La; Moser, Gabriele; Procopio, Renato; Bernardi, Marina; Fiori, Elisabetta; Lagasio, Martina

156

Application of Convolutional Neural Networks for the Detection of Lightning in Weather Radar Data

Authors:
Schwalt, Lukas; Schatz, Sebastian; Obenaus, Friedrich; Pack, Stephan

157

An Analysis of the Estimation of Lightning Incidence to Wind Farms with Special Attention to Upward Flashes

Authors:
Li, Quanxin; Yang, Guohua; Fang, Chaoyin; Xu, Jun; Zhuang, Chijie; Yang, Qing; Zhang, Bo; He, Jinliang

158

Wind Turbine Blade Carbon Spar Cap Golden Reference for High Current Verification Test

Authors:
March, Victor; Goetting, Olaf; Kumar, Vijay; Martinho, Joao; Ladpli, Purim

159

A Combined Electrical and Mechanical Test Procedure for Use in LPS Blade Components for Lifetime Verification

Authors:
Ladpli, Purim; Patil, Harsha B; March, Victor; Goetting, Olaf; Martinho, Joao

160

161

Investigation of damage to wind turbine blades caused by atmospheric discharges in Croatia

Authors:
Pletikosa, Nikola; Milardic, Viktor; Milos, Dominik

162

163

Comparison of Lightning Flash Density Observed by LLS and Current Measurement in Japan in Winter

Authors:
Michishita, Koji; Yokoyama, Shigeru; Matsui, Michihiro; Miyama, Yasuhiro; Honjo, Nobuyuki; Usui, Takashi

164

Spatial and temporal evolution of a thunderstorm in the Pearl River Δ region

Authors:
Li, Muzi; Wang, Jianguo; Cai, Li; Cao, Jinxin; Zhou, Mi; Fan, Yadong

165

Assessment of Lightning Characteristics in Pakistan

Authors:
Zahra, Maryam; Fatima, Zainab; Zahid, Hanzla; Shah, Aown Abbas; Ain, Noor Ul; Mahmood, Farhan

166

GIS-Based Visualization of Lightning Activities in Peninsular Malaysia and Its Correlation With Monsoon Seasons

Authors:
Ahmad, Nur Azliza; Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab.; Ya, Nik Norasma Che; Amirulddin, Ungku Anisa Ungku; Roslan, Nurzanariah

167

Multi-physics Coupling Simulation Model of Corona Charge Distribution on Rotating Wind Turbine Blade Tip

Authors:
Yang, Qianhui; Deng, Yeqiang; Fang, Chaoyin; Wang, Yu; Lan, Lei; Xu, Jun

168

Transient analysis of wind turbine grounding system: Comparison between interconnected overhead ground wire and underground bare conductor in wind farms

Authors:
da Silva, Wagner Costa; de Azevedo, Walter Luiz Manzi; de Araujo, Anderson Ricardo Justo; Filho, Jose Pissolato

169

Upward flashes to wind turbines during winter observed from space by ISS-LIS and GLM

Authors:
Montanya, J.; Jara-Jimenez, A.R.; van der Velde, O.; Lopez, J.A.; Pineda, N.; Lopez, J.; Vogel, S.; Madsen, S.F.; Steiger, S. M.; Bruning, E. C.; Chmielewski, V. C.; Trostel, J.; Losego, J.

170

171

172

173

174

175

Lightning Damage to Residences, A Guide to Homeowners

Authors:
Mata, Carlos; Hill, Dustin

176

A new method to assess the probability of lightning causing wildfires

Authors:
Moris, Jose V.; Ascoli, Davide; Hunt, Hugh G. P.

177

178

Test verification of “Coordination between SPDs” and “Need for additional protection”

Authors:
Kaito, Kensuke; Kuroda, Kazuhiro; Oku, Tomohiro

179

Characteristics of lightning strike damage on carbon fiber composites and performances of metallic protection systems

Authors:
Zuo, Xinrui; Zhou, Mi; Chen, Jiaer; Cai, Li; Wang, Jianguo; Cao, Jinxin; Fan, Yadong

180

181

Degradation and Failure of Transistors under 1.2/50 μs Lightning Impulses

Authors:
Lokuhettige, Ganga; Nanayakkara, Sankha; Fernando, Mahendra; Cooray, Vernon

182

183

The African Lightning Injury Reports Database

Authors:
Zhang, Daile; Cooper, Mary Ann; Holle, Ronald L.

184

THE POWER OF STANDARDS IN PROTECTING BUILDINGS AND LIVES FROM LIGHTNING - UGANDA EXPERIENCE

Authors:
Tumuhimbise, Isaac; Cooper, Mary Ann; Guthrie, Mitchell; Tushemereirwe, Richard

185

The African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network (ACLENet) – Ten Years of Service. What Do the Next Ten Years Hold?

Authors:
Cooper, Mary Ann; Tushemereirwe, Richard; Gomes, Chandima; Holle, Ronald L.; Lusambu, Charles Tony Mukasa; Akantambira, Barnabas; Zhang, Daile

186

Launch of LALENet: A Latin American Network for Lightning Safety Education and Protection

Authors:
Villamil, Daniel E.; Lopez, Lizardo A.; Melgarejo P., Oscar; Galvan D., Arturo; Iniguez L., Sergio O.

187

Lightning Protection Regulations in Latin America Countries: Review and Trends

Authors:
Galvan D., Arturo; Melgarejo P., Oscar; Iniguez L., Sergio O.; Lopez, Lizardo A.; Villamil, Daniel E.

188

Lightning Protection and Safety Investigation in Livestock-Integrated Agrivoltaic Systems

Authors:
Costa, Kamila; Shulzhenko, Eduard; Rock, Michael

189

190

Shielding of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Lightning Down-Conductors

Authors:
Drebenstedt, Christian; Jugelt, Stefan; Rock, Michael

191

192

Evaluation of Scaling Factors to move from Flash Density (Ng) to Ground Strike Point Density (Nsg)

Authors:
Gcaba, Sanele; Hunt, Hugh G. P.; Nixon, Kenneth J.

193

194

Understanding Effects of Multiple Lightning Strikes on Pultruded Carbon Fiber Wind Blades

Authors:
Williams, Michelle; Tilles, Julia N.; Samborsky, Daniel; Paquette, Josh