Influence of Marangoni effect on direct damage effects of materials inflicted by lightning sweeping arc

Abstract:
Lightning arc attachments during swept strokes are key information in the safety certification of fast-moving aircraft. Previous research has revealed a significant difference of metal damage between sweeping arc and stationary arc in simulated lightning strike tests. While it has not fully understood on the Marangoni effect of lightning arc attaching to the test material with different dwell time. In this work, we study the influence of Marangoni effect on the damage response of the test material with a numerical model designed in a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) frame. Results show that, the temperature rise in the anode region is relatively independent of the Marangoni effect under short-term arc attachment conditions (i.e., dwell time t<50 ms). Simulation results manifest moderate changes of +4.98% on damage radius and -3.57% on depth originated from the Marangoni effect during the short-term sweeping arcs.