Inverse pneumatic artificial muscles with implantable vascular graft

Inhalt:
This study aims to design Inverse Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (IPAMs) integrating a commercial implantable vascular graft as deformation-guiding element. Mechanical characterization tests revealed reliable behavior, maximum elongation and contraction up to 160% and -60%, respectively, and a tensile force up to 23 N. The proposed IPAM offers design flexibility for different application related requirements, such as force, dimensions and strain. This study represents an initial step toward a fully soft and biocompatible IPAM suitable for implantable soft robotic applications.