Influence of Electric Vehicles, PV Systems, Home Storage Systems and Heat Pumps on the Voltage Quality in the Low-Voltage Grid

Inhalt:
The German Mobilitätswende and Energiewende are leading to an increasing number of electric vehicles, PV systems, home storage systems and heat pumps in the low-voltage grid. In the future, the penetration of these components will continue to rise considerably. This can lead to a reduced voltage quality in low-voltage networks, as this is negatively influenced by the devices mentioned. Important characteristics of voltage quality are rapid voltage changes, harmonics, flicker and unbalance. Against this background, single components such as electric vehicles, PV inverters, battery inverters and heat pumps are measured in a laboratory environment in the U-Quality research project in order to separately determine their effects on the voltage quality. This document shows results of measuring a single-phase battery inverter and a three-phase PV inverter. Additionally, the U-Quality research project determines the actual state of voltage quality in low-voltage networks with already high penetration of the above-mentioned components by means of measurements in selected networks. In the project, among other things, a suburban low-voltage grid is considered, in which the voltage quality is measured at different grid points in winter and summer in order to determine, for example, the different effects of heat pumps and PV systems. In this paper, results of the summer measurement are presented. Based on the measurements in the low-voltage network and in the laboratory, the influence on the different voltage quality characteristics is evaluated.