Evaluating Grid-forming Converter Performance: Insights from Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

Abstract:
The integration of renewable energy sources into modern electrical grids necessitates advanced power electronics to maintain stability traditionally ensured by rotating machines. This paper uses Power Hardware-in-the-Loop testing to evaluate grid-forming converters. This method emulates grid disturbances to assess converter performance, ensuring compliance with new grid codes. The study examines droop control and virtual synchronous machines, analyzing their responses to voltage and frequency changes. The results demonstrate that Power Hardware-in-the-Loop testing is a reliable and precise method, highlighting the impact of grid strength and control parameters on converter performance.