Instantaneous Reserve Implementations: Method for Testing Worst-Case Resilience Scenarios

Abstract:
This paper introduces a new approach to test different scenarios for grid stability through the conceptual integration of a node model, a market model and a small nominal power inverter model. Real conclusions are to be drawn about the frequency behaviour and future market strategies of battery storage systems. Using the German power plant fleet, the extent to which different control implementations maintain reserve stability under extreme conditions and keep the frequency gradient in a manageable range for the downstream primary control power can be investigated. In addition, the influence of primary control in combination with IR on frequency stability is shown. The results show that storage systems are crucial for stabilizing the frequency, but also that not expected parameters, like the damping in a Virtual Synchronous Machine implementation, can change the general system response. In this paper, the concept presented is used to evaluate system failure of 10 % of the total output, where the downstream primary controller can further stabilize the frequency.