Optimizing Insole Design for Improved Plantar Stress Distribution through Finite Element Analysis

Abstract:
This study explores the interaction between personalized insoles and plantar soft tissue (PST) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to optimize insole design for enhanced comfort and performance. Poorly-fitting footwear can lead to significant foot health issues, especially for diabetic foot care, including deformities and ulcers. Personalized insoles are increasingly favoured, yet their design often relies on subjective measures rather than objective data. This research employs FEA to simulate stress and strain distributions between the foot and insole under various loading conditions, examining how different insole material properties, thicknesses, and PST characteristics influence these interactions. The findings reveal that the modulus of the PST plays a crucial role in stress distribution, suggesting that insoles should be tailored to individual PST conditions for optimal fit. Based on the exploration of this study, further investigation in reality is expected to establish a comprehensive material reference table to guide the selection of insole materials, aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes and overall foot health through scientifically informed insole design, particularly in terms of enhancing comfort, reducing injury risk across various populations, and preventing plantar-related conditions.