Water Electrolysis Power Supply: Status & Future Trends

Abstract:
The necessary cross-sector decarbonization of various industries is the next step of energy transition, after replacing an increasing share of electricity generation by renewable power sources. Replacing fossil fuels and connecting distant power generation and consumers can be achieved by the application of water electrolysis and the generation and transport of hydrogen and synthetic fuels. To make a significant contribution, large-scale water electrolysis and power-to-X plants need to be erected and supplied with sufficient electric power. However, there are grid-side limitations for the connection of large water electrolysis plants and their converters, which form the connection. This paper shows nowadays component limitations in power supplies and the challenges in connecting large water electrolyzers. Additionally, future trends in power supply development as well as future areas of application are shown.