Comparison of Incentive Models for Grid-supporting Flexibility Usage of Private Charging Infrastructure

Abstract:
The expansion of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles can lead to an increased number of critical grid states at the distribution grid level, which would require significant conventional enhancement if the flexibility of the charging processes is not used. The acquisition of this charging flexibility requires further incentives, especially for customers with private charging infrastructure. This paper compares the conditional grid usage, time-variable grid fees and local flexibility markets as grid-supporting incentive models for the provision of charging flexibility in Germany. Based on different characteristics of the models, the possible savings of the consumers as well as the flexibility costs of the distribution system operators are compared in two low voltage grids for the year 2050 and sensitivity analysis are carried out. The profitability in terms of costs for the respective player depends on the type of consumer and its flexibility behaviour as well as the grid structure.